The outer quadrangle has the Kasthamandap, Kumari Ghar, and Shiva-Parvati Temple; the inner quadrangle has the Hanuman Dhoka palace. [5] "Yen" is the shorter form of Yambu (Nepal Bhasa: यम्बु), which originally referred to the northern half of Kathmandu. The Mahendra Museum is dedicated to the King Mahendra (1920–1972). Nepal Republic Media, the publisher of myRepublica, joined a publishing alliance with the International Herald Tribune (IHT), to publish the Asia Pacific Edition of IHT from Kathmandu from 20 July 2011. The first modern commercial road in the Kathmandu Valley, the New Road, was also built during this era. This is among the oldest religious sites in Nepal. [19] The city was designed in the shape of Chandrahrasa, the sword of Manjushri. [105], The total length of roads in Nepal is recorded to be 17,182 km (10,676 mi), as of 2003–04. [106] In view of the hilly terrain, transportation takes place in Kathmandu are mainly by road and air. The three-storey structure was made entirely of wood and used no iron nails nor supports. To the north the urban area extends into several municipalities; Nagarjun, Tarakeshwor, Tokha, Budhanilkantha, Gokarneshwor and Kageshwori Manohara. The BP Highway connects Kathmandu to the eastern part of Nepal through Sindhuli. Music is a part of the traditional aspect of Kathmandu. From centuries past, Lhasa Newar merchants of Kathmandu have conducted trade across the Himalaya and contributed to spreading art styles and Buddhism across Central Asia. Very few historical record exists of the period before medieval Licchavi rulers. For other uses, see, Kathmandu with the Himalayas in the background, International relations and organizations, Article:गोपालराज वंशावली Language: Nepalbhasa, Journal:नेपालभाषा केन्द्रीय विभागया जर्नल, Edition:1, Date: 1998, pp. Above all the tiers, there is a small space above which lies a gajur. Being the capital city of Nepal, Kathmandu is home to most of the government offices, embassies, corporate houses, and the palace.A golden heaven to the most famous artists in the world, it has the old palace of Newar kings, Kathmandu Durbar Square, which is listed as UNESCO world heritage site, is in Basantapur, next to Freak Street, which was the popular hippie spot during the seventies. It is richer and contains tea leaves boiled with milk, sugar, and spices. The NAFA Gallery, operated by the Arts and crafts Department of the Nepal Academy is housed in Sita Bhavan, a neo-classical old Rana palace. (2001). Despite the initial hardships, Kathmandu rose to prominence again and, during most of the Malla era, dominated the trade between India and Tibet. In Sanskrit, Kāṣṭha (Sanskrit: काष्ठ) means "Wood" and Maṇḍapa (Sanskrit: मण्डप) means "Pavilion". Kathmandu, January 20 The government has decided to establish geriatric wards in four more hospitals across the country this fiscal. Jainism is practiced by a small community. [4] The structure collapsed during a major earthquake in April 2015. Thamel is no more ‘real’ Kathmandu than I am. [71][72][73] This palace was the scene of the Nepali royal massacre. The fire service, known as the Barun Yantra Karyalaya (Nepali: वारुण यन्त्र कार्यालय), opened its first station in Kathmandu in 1937 with a single vehicle. The city was surrounded by eight barracks guarded by Ajimas. [64] Boudhanath became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. It has since been discontinued due to poor carrying capacity and maintenance issues. +९७७ १४२३१४८१ ( +977 14231481) mayor@kathmandu.gov.np +९७७ १४२६८५०९ ( +977 14268509 ) Kathmandu Metropolitan City Office of Municipal Executive, Bagmati Province The Pashupatinath Temple, Changu Narayan Temple, and the Kasthamandap are of particular importance to Hindus. Kathmandu is dirty, smelly, loud and chaotic. Haramekhala), religion (e.g. [76] Restoration works began in 2010 to rehabilitate the Taragaon hostel into the Taragaon Museum. Many relatives who join the funeral procession also take bath in the Bagmati or sprinkle the holy water on their bodies at the end of cremation as the Bagmati is believed to purify people spiritually. Kathmandu ([katˈmandu, katmanˈduː], Nepali क ठम ड Kāṭhamāḍauṁ, Newari य Yẽ, früherer Name Kantipur) ist die Hauptstadt des Staates Nepal. The early years of the Malla era were turbulent, with raids and attacks from Khas and Turk Muslims. With this new area, the population density which was 85 in 1991 remained 85 in 2001; it is likely to jump to 111 in 2011 and 161 in 2021. They intermarried with Nepali royalty, and this led to the Malla era. [46], Electricity in Kathmandu is regulated and distributed by the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA). The eastern wing, with ten courtyards, is the oldest part, dating to the mid-16th century. Mit etwa 1 Million Einwohnern im Stadtgebiet und gut 1,4 Million im Ballungsraum [1] ist sie die größte Stadt des Landes und zudem Sitz der Südasiatischen Vereinigung für regionale Kooperation . [23] The city is bounded by several other municipalities of the Kathmandu valley: south of the Bagmati by Lalitpur Metropolitan City (Patan), with which it forms one urban area surrounded by a ring road, to the southwest by Kirtipur and to the east by Madyapur Thimi. Previously, during the time of monarchy, the queen and the priests used to appoint the proposed Kumari with delicate process of astrological examination and physical examination of 32 'gunas'. According to data from 2011, the major religions in Kathmandu city are Hinduism 81.3%, Buddhism 9%, Islam 4.4% and other 5.2%. As a player, you can't actually get all Words Of Wonders KATHMANDU DURBAR SQUARE KATHMANDU DURBAR SQUARE answers. Earlier, there were 35 wards which made it the metropolitan city with the largest number of the wards.[28]. Given its focus, the museum contains many weapons, including locally made firearms used in wars, leather cannons from the 18th–19th century, and medieval and modern works in wood, bronze, stone and paintings. According to the Nepali Hindu tradition, the dead body must be dipped three times into the Bagmati before cremation. The urban area of the Kathmandu valley is split among three different districts (second level of administrative divisions within a province), which extend very little beyond the valley fringe, except towards the southern ranges, which have comparatively small population. Archaeologists believe it is two thousand years old. According to Swayambhu Purana, present-day Kathmandu was once a huge and deep lake named "Nagdaha", as it was full of snakes. The festivities such as the Ghode (horse) Jatra, Indra Jatra, Dashain Durga Puja festivals, Shivratri and many more are observed by all Hindu and Buddhist communities of Kathmandu with devotional fervor and enthusiasm. Gunla is the traditional music festival according to Nepal Sambat. Tamot, Kashinath, and Ian Alsop. [70] Internationally, the British-based charity, the Kathmandu Contemporary Art Centre is involved with promoting arts in Kathmandu. The city water shortage should be solved by the completion of the much plagued Melamchi Water Supply Project by the end of 2019. Sanskrit schools were specially set up in Kathmandu and in the Terai region to inculcate traditional Hindu culture and practices originated from Nepal. Kathmandu has a number of cinemas (old single screen establishments and some new multiplexes) showing Nepali, Bollywood and Hollywood films. Nepal Red Cross Society: VCA of 46 wards (in 5 municipalities) in the Kathmandu Valley This VCA has been completed as part of the Nepal Red Cross project Earthquake Preparedness and Safety project in the 3 districts of the The Gorkha Kingdom ended the Malla confederation after the Battle of Kathmandu in 1768. Radio Nepal is a state-run organization that operates national and regional radio stations. [80] Continental cuisine can be found in selected places. The economic output of the metropolitan area of around Rs. It was designed by Carl Pruscha (master-planner of the Kathmandu Valley)[75] in 1970 and constructed in 1971. Visiting US Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defence for South and Southeast Asia Joe Felter alleged that BRI investments in Nepal (and elsewhere) would only serve the Chinese interest. According to legends, all the timber used to build the pagoda was obtained from a single tree. Thanks Kathmandu is the center of music and dance in Nepal, and these art forms are integral to understanding the city. Institute of Medicine, the central college of Tribhuvan University is the first medical college of Nepal and is in Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. At present, it connects 30 cities around the globe in Europe, Asia and the Middle East such as Istanbul, Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Singapore, Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Dhaka, Paro, Lhasa, Chengdu, Guangzhou and Hong Kong. Rainfall has been recorded at about 1,400 millimetres (55.1 in) for the Kathmandu valley, and averages 1,407 millimetres (55.4 in) for the city of Kathmandu. It is a very popular tourist site. During the reign of the seventh Kirata ruler, Jitedasti, Buddhist monks entered Kathmandu valley and established a forest monastery at Sankhu. It is the country's most important industry. The architectural treasure of the Kathmandu valley has been categorized under the well-known seven groups of heritage monuments and buildings. There is a state-run National News Agency (RSS). [51], The largest ethnic groups residing in Kathmandu Metropolitan City consists of primarily various caste groups of the Newar community at 30%, Hill Janajati/Adivisis like Tamang, Kirat, Gurung, Magar, Sherpa, etc. Kathmandu Municipal Corporation (KMC) is the chief nodal agency for the administration of Kathmandu. Art in Kathmandu is vibrant, demonstrating a fusion of traditionalism and modern art, derived from a great number of national, Asian, and global influences. The most well-known of these buildings include Singha Durbar, Garden of Dreams, Shital Niwas, and the old Narayanhiti palace. Kathmandu is and has been for many years the centre of Nepal's history, art, culture, and economy. These states competed with each other in the arts, architecture, esthetics, and trade, resulting in tremendous development. 'Queen's Pond') is a historic artificial pond nestled in the heart of Kathmandu. Tourism is considered another important industry in Nepal. Kumari Ghar is a palace in the centre of the Kathmandu city, next to the Durbar square where a royal Kumari selected from several Kumaris resides. [67], A broad typology has been ascribed to the decorative designs and carvings created by the people of Nepal. It is practiced by the Kirat people. [101] During this era, following the genocide of Shakyas in Lumbini by Virudhaka, the survivors migrated north and entered the forest monastery lora masquerading as Koliyas. The indigenous Newari term for Kathmandu valley is Yen. For example, Araniko led a group of his compatriot artists through Tibet and China. Other notable Hindu temples in Kathmandu and the surrounding valley include Bajrayogini Temple, Dakshinkali Temple, Guhyeshwari Temple, and the Shobha Bhagawati shrine. Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology is an Ophthalmological hospital in Kathmandu. [citation needed] For example, 2001 recorded only 356 mm (14 in) of precipitation due to an extraordinarily weak monsoon season. For civic administration, the city is further divided into 35 administrative wards. Northeastern Kathmandu with Gaurishankar in background. Patan in particular is an ancient city noted for its fine arts and crafts. Tea is widely served but is extremely weak by western standards. However, shops and bars in Kathmandu widely sell western and Nepali beers. [27], The green, vegetated slopes that surround the Kathmandu metro area (light grey, image centre) include both forest reserves and national parks. The population was projected to reach 915,071 in 2011 and 1,319,597 by 2021. Mooldevshashidev), law, morals, and history. Newar music originated in Kathmandu. [9] Stone inscriptions are a ubiquitous element at heritage sites and are key sources for the history of Nepal. The base of the stupa has 108 small depictions of the Dhyani Buddha Amitabha. In some of the Sino-Tibetan languages, Kathmandu is still called Yambu. Tamot, Kashinath, and Ian Alsop. The high level of tourism is attributed to the natural grandeur of the Himalayas and the rich cultural heritage of the country.[101]. [24][30][31] The chart below is based on data from the Nepal Bureau of Standards & Meteorology, Weather Meteorology for 2005. Traditionally, these festivals were celebrated by Newars. Other major institutions include Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu Medical College, Nepal Medical College, KIST Medical College, Nepal Army Institute of Health Sciences, National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS) and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), are also in or around Kathmandu. [100] Other economic sectors in Kathmandu include agriculture (9%), education (6%), transport (6%), and hotels and restaurants (5%). [113] A ropeway operated between Kathmandu and Hetauda over a length of 43 km (27 mi) which carried 25 tonnes of goods per hour. The nine-storey tower Dharahara was originally built during this era. Few community radio stations such as Radio Pratibodh – 102.4 MHz, Radio Upatyaka – 87.6 MHz etc. [46] In 1975, a West German government donation added seven fire engines to Kathmandu's fire service. During the Rana regime, Kathmandu's alliance shifted from anti-British to pro-British; this led to the construction of the first buildings in the style of Western European architecture. Kathmandu is home to several international and regional organizations, including the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). Believers in Pashupatinath (mainly Hindus) are allowed to enter the temple premises, but non-Hindu visitors are allowed to view the temple only from the across the Bagmati River. This public pavilion, also known as Maru Satta in Newari, was rebuilt in 1596 by Biseth in the period of King Laxmi Narsingh Malla. [75] The museum is within a short walk from the Boudhanath stupa, which itself can be seen from the museum tower. Narrow streets, roadwork, limited parking, and of course, figuring out how to survive Kathmandu traffic. The name of Kathmandu is a derivative of the word Kasthamandap. Kathmandu was adopted as the capital of the Gorkha empire, and the empire itself was dubbed Nepal. Hindu and Buddhist pilgrims from all over the world visit Kathmandu's religious sites such as Pashupatinath, Swayambhunath, Boudhanath, Changunarayan and Budhanilkantha. The Muslims forbid eating buff as from Quran while Hindus eat all varieties except beef as they consider cow to be a goddess and symbol of purity. The earliest Western reference to Kathmandu appears in an account of Jesuit Fathers the Portuguese Jesuit, Fr. Update of previous article). [65] Thousands of prayer flags are hoisted up from the top of the stupa downwards and dot the perimeter of the complex. The M. Art Theater is based in the city. [59] It served as the seat of national deity, Lord Pashupatinath, until Nepal was secularized. Nepal: Kathmandu Valley Contents: Wards The population of all wards of the … The Battle of Kirtipur was the start of the Gorkha conquest of the Kathmandu Valley. 16", "Kathmandu Valley (Nepal): Wards - Population Statistics, Charts and Map", "Average Temperature and Rainfall of Kathmandu City", "World Weather Information Service – Kathmandu", "Has air pollution made Kathmandu unliveable? With mass migration to the city, the cultures of Khas from the west, Kirats from the east, Bon/Tibetan from the north, and Mithila from the south meet in the capital and mingle harmoniously. It is the largest library in the country with more than 70,000 books in English, Nepali, Sanskrit, Hindi, and Nepal Bhasa. The museums display unique artefacts and paintings from the 5th century CE to the present day, including archeological exportation. Consumption of pork was considered taboo until a few decades ago. Ason is a bazaar and ceremonial square on the old trade route to Tibet, and provides a fine example of a traditional neighbourhood. [47][48], Waste management may be through composting in municipal waste management units, and at houses with home composting units. The valley was historically called the "Nepal Mandala" and has been the home of the Newar people, a cosmopolitan urban civilization in the Himalayan foothills. The importance of the Bagmati also lies in the fact that Hindus are cremated on its banks, and Kirants are buried in the hills by its side. In 1956, air transportation was established and the Tribhuvan Highway, between Kathmandu and Raxaul (at India's border), was started. Most of the fairs and festivals in Kathmandu originated in the Malla period or earlier. Kathmandu is the headquarters of the surrounding Kathmandu district. making 25%, Khas Brahmin at 20%, Khas Chhetri at 18.5%, and the remaining 8% are occupied by Khas occupational castes Kami, Damai, etc., and the Terai groups including Madhesi castes and Terai Janajatis/Adivasis like Tharus. Nepali art is commonly divided into two areas: the idealistic traditional painting known as Paubhas in Nepal and perhaps more commonly known as Thangkas in Tibet, closely linked to the country's religious history and on the other hand the contemporary western-style painting, including nature-based compositions or abstract artwork based on Tantric elements and social themes of which painters in Nepal are well noted for. The artistry of the Newar people—the indigenous inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley—became highly sought after during this era, both within the Valley and throughout the greater Himalayas. [66] A large stone statue of an elephant in the south signifies the image of Pratap Malla and his two sons. The southern gate of the palace is at the crossing of Prithvipath and Durbar Marg roads. [87] The artistic edifices have now become places of worship in the everyday life of the people, therefore a roster is maintained to observe annual festivals. Joao Cabral who passed through the Kathmandu Valley in the spring of 1628 [10]and was received graciously by the king of that time, probably King Lakshminarasimha Malla of Kathmandu on their way from Tibet to India,[11] and reported that they reached "Cadmendu", the capital of Nepal kingdom. As Kathmandu, the Nepalese capital, battles coronavirus, it also finds itself in a war of words with Beijing over a newspaper article. This marked the beginning of the modern era in Kathmandu. [69], Museums and art galleries in Kathmandu include:[69], The National Museum is in the western part of Kathmandu, near the Swayambhunath stupa in a historical building constructed in the early 19th century by General Bhimsen Thapa. "A Kushan-period Sculpture from the reign of Jaya Varma, CE 184/185, Kathmandu, Nepal." Metropolitan Kathmandu is divided into five sectors: the Central Sector, the East Sector, the North Sector, the City Core and the West Sector. The J Art Gallery near the former royal palace in Durbarmarg displays the artwork of eminent, established Nepali painters. The older northern settlements were referred to as Yambi while the southern settlement was known as Yangala. This consists of rice and lentil soup, generally served with vegetable curries, achar and sometimes Chutney. Most of the general hospitals are in the city center, although several clinics are elsewhere in Kathmandu district. Under Köppen's climate classification, portions of the city with lower elevations have a humid subtropical climate (Cwa), while portions of the city with higher elevations generally have a subtropical highland climate (Cwb). Consumption of beef is very uncommon and considered taboo in many places. In recent years, these festivals have found wider participation from other Kathmanduites as well. Trolleybusses used to operate on the route between Tripureshwor and Suryabinayak on a 13-kilometer route. It pioneered the production of low cost intraocular lenses (IOLs), which are used in cataract surgery. The major economic hubs are the New Road, Durbar Marg, Ason and Putalisadak.[99]. At present, a cable car service is operated in Kathmandu in Chandragiri Hills.[114]. Sanskrit language therefore was preferred and people were encouraged to learn it even by attending Sanskrit learning centres in Terai. 70% of the total population residing in Kathmandu are aged between 15 and 59. [54], The religious art of Nepal and Kathmandu in particular consists of an iconic symbolism of the Mother Goddesses such as: Bhavani, Durga, Gaja-Lakshmi, Hariti-Sitala, Mahsishamardini, Saptamatrika (seven mother goddesses), and Sri-Lakshmi (wealth-goddess). The squares were severely damaged in the April 2015 earthquake. , United states Regional organizations, including archeological exportation national Sports Council from its headquarters Kathmandu. Kathmandu traffic पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर ) is the traditional music festival according to the Abhaya! Royal palace of the GDP in 1995/96 but then started declining L'Annapurna, and spices hubs are most! Is distributed in two quadrangles of the four sides, with statues engraved on them Pratap Malla his... Municipal wards and 29 municipal wards in Kathmandu but Muslims are a minority, accounting for about %! Headquarters in Kathmandu Metropolitan city alone lanes, private courtyards and in the Kathmandu,. 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